Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often diagnosed during childhood, but for many, symptoms appear or persist into adulthood. Luckily, effective treatments are available, and they often involve medication. Dive into adult ADHD medication options to help you find the best path forward.

What Is Adult ADHD?

Adult ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in focusing, organizing, and regulating emotions, often accompanied by impulsivity and restlessness. While childhood ADHD typically features noticeable hyperactivity, adult ADHD tends to be more subtle and inwardly disruptive.

Common symptoms include:

Trouble staying organized
Missing deadlines or forgetting appointments
Procrastination or difficulty starting tasks
Chronic restlessness or a sense of being “on edge”
Impulsive decisions or behaviors

The impact of these symptoms can be significant, affecting job performance, relationships, daily routines, and quality of life. Fortunately, many adults with ADHD thrive once they find the proper treatment.

Medication Options for Managing Adult ADHD

ADHD medication is commonly prescribed to manage the core symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Here’s a look at the major categories of medications and their role in adult ADHD treatment.

Stimulant Medications for Adult ADHD

Stimulants are often the first choice when treating ADHD. They work by increasing neurotransmitter levels like dopamine and norepinephrine, which are involved in focus, attention, and impulse control.

Amphetamine-based stimulants, such as Adderall (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine) and Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine), are highly effective for many adults with ADHD. They are available in immediate-release (short-acting) and extended-release (long-acting) formulations.
Methylphenidate-based stimulants like Ritalin, Concerta, and Focalin function similarly to amphetamines but are better tolerated by some individuals. Concerta’s long-acting formulation makes it a popular choice for adults who prefer once-daily dosing.

Stimulants can produce noticeable improvements quickly—sometimes within 30 minutes—but they’re not for everyone. Potential side effects include insomnia, appetite suppression, increased heart rate, and, in rare cases, heightened anxiety or mood swings.

Non-Stimulant Medications for Adult ADHD

For adults who can’t tolerate stimulants or prefer alternatives, non-stimulant medications offer another way to manage symptoms.

Atomoxetine (Strattera), a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), is FDA-approved for ADHD treatment. While it’s not as fast-acting as stimulants, it provides steady symptom control throughout the day and may be particularly helpful for individuals with co-occurring anxiety.
Guanfacine (Intuniv) and Clonidine (Kapvay), originally developed for high blood pressure, work by targeting alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the brain. They’re less stimulating than traditional ADHD medications and help reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity, especially when used as part of a combination treatment plan.

Antidepressants as Adult ADHD Treatments

Certain antidepressants alleviate ADHD symptoms, particularly when coexisting mood disorders like depression or anxiety are present.

Bupropion (Wellbutrin) influences dopamine and norepinephrine levels. It’s known for having energizing effects, making it a common choice for adults who experience depressive symptoms alongside ADHD.
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) like imipramine and nortriptyline may be prescribed for ADHD, though they’re less common due to potential side effects like sedation and weight gain.
Other SNRIs besides Strattera—such as venlafaxine (Effexor) and duloxetine (Cymbalta)—may be used to target overlapping ADHD and anxiety symptoms.

New and Emerging Medications for ADHD

Pharmacological advancements continue to offer fresh options for ADHD treatment.

Evekeo is a newer amphetamine-based stimulant offering a balanced amphetamine formulation with fewer mood-related side effects for some patients.
Qelbree (viloxazine), a non-stimulant medication recently approved for ADHD in children, is now being explored for its use in adults. It acts as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and has shown promise in reducing ADHD symptoms without stimulant-like risks.

Off-Label Medications and Cognitive Enhancers

All ADHD medications should be taken under the guidance of a healthcare provider to ensure safety and effectiveness. This is especially true with off-label medications.

Modafinil (Provigil) is not FDA-approved for ADHD, but it’s sometimes prescribed to improve wakefulness and focus, especially in individuals with comorbid sleep disorders like narcolepsy.
Armodafinil (Nuvigil), a close relative of modafinil, is also occasionally used off-label for ADHD, with similar benefits and considerations.

Supplements for ADHD

Many adults explore supplements as part of a comprehensive ADHD treatment plan. While they aren’t a replacement for prescribed medications, certain supplements provide additional support.

Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids essential for brain health. Some studies suggest they may help improve attention and cognitive function in individuals with ADHD.
Zinc affects neurotransmitter regulation, meaning zinc supplementation may reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. Consult a healthcare provider before taking zinc supplements, as excessive intake can have adverse effects.
Magnesium supports healthy neurological function. Supplementation may help reduce hyperactivity and improve attention. As with zinc, medical consultation is advised before taking magnesium supplements.
Iron deficiency has been linked to cognitive impairments. Ensuring sufficient iron levels through diet or supplements may support brain function. Have your iron levels tested before supplementation, as excess iron can be harmful.

How to Choose the Right Treatment

The best treatment for ADHD is different for everyone. Factors like coexisting mental health conditions, tolerance to side effects, and your daily routine should guide your decision. For many adults, combination therapies involving stimulants for daytime focus, non-stimulants for evening relaxation, supplementation for brain health, and online therapy to talk things out prove most effective. Work closely with a healthcare provider to monitor your progress and adjust your treatment plan as needed.

Why Family Psychiatry and Therapy?

At Family Psychiatry and Therapy based in New Jersey, we understand how overwhelming an adult ADHD diagnosis can be. That’s why we make treatment simple and accessible through 100% telehealth services. Whether you prefer video sessions or phone consultations, our on-demand model ensures you receive expert care when and where you need it.

Our providers will carefully assess your symptoms and lifestyle to prescribe the best medications or supplements for your needs. You’ll see the same trusted providers throughout your mental health journey to ensure continuity of care. Expect seamless, hassle-free treatment thanks to our use of modern, efficient systems for electronic medical records and e-prescribing. Book a session with us today and take the first step toward a better tomorrow.