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Bipolar Disorder

What is Bipolar Disorder?

Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition that causes intense mood swings, including emotional highs (mania) and lows (depression). These changes can be dramatic, impacting energy levels, behavior, relationships, job security, educational opportunities, the law, and the ability to manage everyday tasks.

Types of Bipolar Disorder
There are two main types of bipolar disorder: Bipolar I and Bipolar II. The key difference is the intensity of the manic episodes:

  • Bipolar I involves more severe manic episodes, and severe depression, with or without psychosis, and is frequently associated with the need for inpatient hospitalizations. It is a serious disorder that is often mistaken for or overlaps with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
  • Bipolar II has milder episodes of mania, called hypomania, along with less noticeable depressive episodes. People with Bipolar II are often misdiagnosed as ADHD or “too irritable” before receiving the correct diagnosis.
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Signs and Symptoms

Bipolar disorder involves significant mood swings, with periods of depression and mania or hypomania. Symptoms vary depending on whether the person is experiencing a manic or depressive episode.

Manic and Hypomanic Episodes

  • Feeling unusually “high” or excessively irritable
  • Unrealistic, grandiose thoughts or beliefs
  • Decreased need for sleep while feeling energetic
  • Rapid speech and racing thoughts
  • Impulsive, reckless behavior with poor judgment
  • In severe cases, delusions or hallucinations

Depressive Episodes

  • Feeling sad, empty, or hopeless
  • Loss of interest in usual activities
  • Fatigue or loss of energy
  • Sleep problems and changes in appetite
  • Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
  • Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
  • Thoughts of death or suicide

Why does Bipolar Disorder happen?
The exact cause isn’t fully known, but experts believe it combines genetics, brain chemistry, and environmental factors. It can run in families, but anyone can experience it, and no family history is required. Scientists have found that changes in brain chemicals (neurotransmitters) may play a role in causing bipolar disorder.

How is Bipolar Disorder diagnosed?
Getting an accurate diagnosis can be tough, since its symptoms are similar to other conditions, like depression or ADHD. Sometimes it is comorbid with substance use disorders as well. Talking to a doctor or therapist who reviews your history, checks for physical health issues, and assesses your mental health is the first step to treatment.

How is Bipolar Disorder treated?
Bipolar disorder is a long-term condition, but with the right treatment, you can manage it and lead a fulfilling life. Treatment often includes:

  • Certain medications, such as those used for mood stabilization and regulation, can effectively manage mood swings and treat moods.
  • Therapy — Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) help you to learn to cope with negative thoughts and behaviors.
  • Ongoing Care — Regular check-ins with your Psychiatric Provider or therapist ensure the treatment stays effective.

You’re not alone. Reach for help.
Bipolar disorder is challenging, but with support, it’s manageable. If you or someone you know is struggling, seeking professional help is the first step towards a healthier, balanced life. Don’t hesitate to call.

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