Exploring Depression Medications: How Do They Work? 

It seems like depression is more common than ever. Countless people struggle with this mental health condition, and its complexities make treatment feel overwhelming. While therapy and lifestyle changes are effective ways of managing depression, medication is often part of the solution. But with so many options available, it’s easy to feel confused (especially when dealing with all those acronyms!). Thankfully, many healthcare professionals are invested in educating patients about depression medication. Here’s what you need to know about the types of medication and how the benefits compare to the side effects. 

An Overview of Depression Medications 

Generally speaking, depression medications, often called antidepressants, aim to regulate neurotransmitters in the brain. These chemicals influence mood and emotions, and medication can help alleviate symptoms like sadness, fatigue, and lack of motivation. However, antidepressants are not one-size-fits-all. Each class of medication works uniquely in the brain, and individual responses to these drugs can vary significantly. Let’s break down the major types of depression medication and their potential side effects: 

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

SSRIs are often the first choice for depression treatment. This type of drug tends to have few serious side effects compared with older medications. SSRIs work by increasing serotonin levels in the brain and are usually well-tolerated by patients. They are typically safe for long-term use. Nevertheless, some side effects are possible. Nausea, weight gain or loss, fatigue, and sexual dysfunction are all well-documented. Despite the potential issues, SSRIs are usually a great starting point for those new to depression medication. 

Examples: Prozac (fluoxetine), Zoloft (sertraline), Lexapro (escitalopram)

Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

Like SSRIs, SNRIs help increase serotonin levels. However, they also increase norepinephrine, which works to improve energy and concentration. They’re effective for patients who struggle to stay motivated, as well as those dealing with anxiety. Some SNRIs, like Cymbalta, may also relieve chronic pain associated with depression. Regarding side effects, nausea, increased sweating, high blood pressure, and sleeping difficulty may arise. 

Examples: Effexor (venlafaxine), Cymbalta (duloxetine)

Atypical Antidepressants

Unlike SSRIs and SNRIs, atypical antidepressants do not fit neatly into one category. These medications have unique mechanisms of action and tend to be prescribed to folks who do not respond well to other treatment options. Some psychiatrists recommend atypical antidepressants alongside other medications that don’t fully address a patient’s symptoms. You can often think of them as a supplement to other classes of drugs. Side effects might include: 

• Dry mouth
• Dizziness
• Drowsiness
• Increased appetite and weight gain

Examples: Wellbutrin (bupropion), Remeron (mirtazapine)

4. Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)

Like SNRIs, tricyclic antidepressants boost both serotonin and norepinephrine. However, these were some of the earliest antidepressants ever developed, and today, they are used less frequently due to the potential for side effects. TCAs are typically reserved for individuals who haven’t found success with newer medications. Possible side effects include: 

• Dizziness 
• Constipation
• Dry mouth
• Risk of overdose in high quantities

5. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

Similar to TCAs, this class of drug is one of the oldest antidepressants and is rarely prescribed today. They can negatively interact with certain foods and medications and cause high blood pressure, dizziness, weight gain, and sleep disturbances. Most experts agree that MAOIs are best for complex cases of depression unresponsive to other treatments. 

Weighing the Benefits Vs. Side Effects

When a doctor or psychiatrist considers which depression medication to prescribe, they have to carefully weigh the benefits against the side effects. As the patient, you have an important role in the process—to be open and honest about your feelings and give input along the way. If you think depression medication could benefit you, this process can help pinpoint the right class of drug: 

1. Identify Your Priorities—Before visiting a doctor, ask yourself what matters most when it comes to depression treatment. Are you okay with minor side effects if it means feeling emotionally stable? Do you need medication that also addresses physical symptoms? If you have a clear idea of your priorities beforehand, you can more clearly communicate them to a professional. 
2. Collaborate With Your Doctor—Getting depression medication isn’t as simple as visiting the pharmacy. You’ll need to work closely with your provider to find the right fit. You might discuss your medical history and health goals to determine a course of action. Always be upfront about your concerns regarding side effects. 
3. Be Patient—Depression medication doesn’t bring results overnight. In fact, most options take several feels to show full results. Side effects often diminish over time, so allow your body to adapt before making changes.

Tips for Managing Side Effects

When you start a new medication, it’s likely you’ll notice some side effects. But these bumps in the road don’t always mean you should stop taking it! With consistency, many of these effects will lessen or disappear within a few days or weeks. In addition to telling your doctor about adverse side effects, consider taking these steps to manage them: 

• Take medication with food or at bedtime (only if prescribed) to reduce nausea. 
• Monitor your diet and be sure to exercise to avoid weight changes. 
• Try relaxation techniques and mindfulness practices to keep sleep issues to a minimum. 
• Discuss alternatives or additional medications with a doctor if you experience sexual side effects. 
• Don’t discontinue medication without consulting your healthcare provider. 

Take the Next Step With Our Team

Now that you understand depression medication more in-depth, you’re one step closer to finding the right treatment for you. Depression may feel isolating, but when you choose Family Psychiatry and Therapy, you’re never alone. Our telepsychiatry services are available to you from the comfort of your New Jersey home, and each of our team members will be here to support you. Get in touch with us today to book an appointment.